open source free books
Principles of Microeconomics.pdf
Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies how individuals and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources, typically in markets where goods or services are being bought and sold.
Evolution of Physical Oceanography.pdf
Taken from Introduction: We have tried to tie the individual chapters together in a variety of ways. The book includes a general index of subjects and names, and also a reference list that gives the page number for each citation in the text. We hope that these features will make possible a rapid’ entry into the book by anyone seeking a discussion of a particular piece of work. Special care was taken in compiling the reference list to correct many common miscitations, some of which extend back nearly 100 years. The reader will notice overlap between chapters and even some dispute among them. We regard this as inevitable and healthy in a field undergoing the ferment of active progress. A consequence of this activity is that we did not attempt to impose a common notation upon the book, but we did ask the authors to avoid idiosyncratic schemes.
In the context of the question to the authors posed above, we are impressed in reading these chapters with how far we have come. When Henry Stommel entered physical oceanography in the early 1940s, the three authors of The Oceans, H. U. Sverdrup, Martin W.
Johnson, and Richard H. Fleming, could cover authoritatively, in one volume, the entirety of oceanography-physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. Today no single volume could cover one of these fields, and probably no three authors would have the temerity to attempt comprehensive descriptions of any. But we believe that the reader will find here a broad description of the present state and the historical evolution of physical oceanography.
Calculus.pdf
This Calculus text book is a useful resource for educators and self-learners alike. It is well organized, covers single variable and multivariable calculus in depth, and is rich with applications.
LAYMAN’s Guidebook on how Develop a Small Hydro Site.pdf
Taken from Definition of small hydropower: There is no consensus in EU member states on the definition of small hydropower: Some countries like Portugal, Spain, Ireland, and now, Greece and Belgium, accept 10 MW as the upper limit for installed capacity. In Italy the limit is fixed at 3 MW (plants with larger installed power should sell their electricity at lower prices); in France the limit was established at 8 MW and UK favour 5 MW. Hereunder will be considered as small any scheme with an installed capacity of 10 MW or less. This figure is adopted by five member states, ESHA, the European Commission and UNIPEDE (International Union of Producers and Distributors of Electricity).
Hydraulic Design Manual.pdf
Taken from introduction: The hydraulic design or analysis of highway drainage facilities usually involves a general procedure that is essentially the same for each case. Some of the basic components inherent in the design or analysis of any highway drainage facility include data, surveys of existing characteristics, estimates of future characteristics, engineering design criteria, discharge estimates, structure requirements and constraints, and receiving facilities.
Time, expense, focus, and completeness of the design or analysis process should all be commensurate with the relative importance of the facility, that is, its cost, level of use, public safety, and similar factors. These aspects of the design process are often subjective. The funding or time constraints associated with any engineered project often are determining factors in the designer’s involvement.
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