computation
Automating Manufacturing Systems with PLCs.pdf
Taken from PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS’s Introduction: Control engineering has evolved over time. In the past humans were the main method for controlling a system. More recently electricity has been used for control and early electrical control was based on relays. These relays allow power to be switched on and off without a mechanical switch. It is common to use relays to make simple logical control decisions. The development of low cost computer has brought the most recent revolution, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The advent of the PLC began in the 1970s, and has become the most common choice for manufacturing controls.
PLCs have been gaining popularity on the factory floor and will probably remain predominant for some time to come. Most of this is because of the advantages they offer: Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
Flexible and can be reapplied to control other systems quickly and easily.
Computational abilities allow more sophisticated control.
Trouble shooting aids make programming easier and reduce downtime.
Reliable components make these likely to operate for years before failure.
Algorithmic Information Theory.pdf
Taken from Foreword: Turing’s deep 1937 paper made it clear that G¨odel’s astonishing earlier
results on arithmetic undecidability related in a very natural way to a class of computing automata, nonexistent at the time of Turing’s paper, but destined to appear only a few years later, subsequently to proliferate as the ubiquitous stored-program computer of today. The appearance of computers, and the involvement of a large scienti c community in elucidation of their properties and limitations, greatly enriched the line of thought opened by Turing. Turing’s distinction between computational problems was rawly binary: some were solvable by algorithms, others not. Later work, of which an attractive part is elegantly developed in the present volume, re ned this into a multiplicity of scales of computational difficulty, which is still developing as a fundamental theory of information and computation that plays much the same role in computer science that classical thermodynamics plays in physics: by de ning the outer limits of the possible, it prevents designers of algorithms from trying to create computational structures which provably do not exist. It is not surprising that such a thermodynamics of information should be as rich in philosophical consequence as thermodynamics itself.
Control in an Information Rich World: Report of the Panel on Future Directions in Control, Dynamics, and Systems.pdf
The purpose of this report is to spell out some of the prospects for control in the current and future technological environment, to describe the role the field will play in military, commercial, and scientific applications over the next decade, and to recommend actions required to enable new breakthroughs in engineering and technology through application of control research.
Computational Cognitive Science.pdf
Human learning and reasoning is founded on multiple knowledge representations with different kinds of structures, such as trees, chains, dominance hierarchies, neighborhood graphs, and directed networks. This class uses probabilistic inference methods from machine learning and Bayesian statistics, operating over different kinds of structured representational systems, to explain how people’s domain knowledge can support a wide range of learning and reasoning tasks, and how these knowledge structures may themselves be learned from experience.
Ductility Design of Foundations of Highway Bridge Abutments.pdf
Taken from Abstract: Ductility design of foundations of abutments against severe earthquakes as been newly introduced in the Specifications for Highway Bridges in Japan. This paper describes the summary of the ductility design method as well as its background. One of the features of this method is the adoption of a new procedure to evaluate seismic active earth pressure that is applicable up to high seismic loads based on the modified Mononobe-Okabe method. We also conduct back-analyses of the case histories of abutments including foundations damaged in the past earthquakes following the ductility design method proposed here. The results from the back-analyses confirm the applicability of the ductility design method.
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