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Marine Engines and Boilers Their Design and Construction - A Handbook for the Use of Students, Engineers and Naval Construction.pdf

December 30, 2009 · Filed Under Mechanical & Industrial Engineering  · Tags: , , ,

A complete textbook/ handbook on marine engines and boilers with over 800 pages complete with illustrations, schemes, useful tables & formulas suit for mechanical engineers, naval engineers or students.

Contents:

PART I - THE MAIN ENGINES
SECTION I - DETERMINATION OF CYLINDER DIMENSIONS
1. Horse-power
2. Measurement of Indicated Horse-power
3. Measurement of the Actual Work exerted by the Engine
4. Indicator Diagrams and Steam Distribution
5. Compound Expansion
6. Work of the Steam in the Cylinder
7. Clearance
8. Calculation of Cylinder Dimensions for a given Horse-power
9. Determination of the Actual Mean Pressure for a New Engine
10. The Theoretical Diagram and Efficiency
11. Combining the Diagrams
12. Designing Engines, and Approximate Calculations
13. Number of Expansions, Cylinder Ratios, and Cut-off in each Cylinder
14. Total Cut-off and Cylinder Dimensions
15. Example of Method of Designing Triple-expansion Engine for a Screw Mail Steamer
16. Receivers
17. Construction of a Theoretical Indicator Diagram from the Diagram of Volumes

SECTION II - THE UTILISATION OF STEAM IN THE ENGINE
18. The Fundamental Principle of the Mechanical Theory of Heat
19. Losses by Throttling or Wire-drawing during Admission
20. Direct Loss of Work due to Clearance
21. Indirect Loss of Work due to the Influence of the Cylinder Walls
22. Object of the Steam Jacket
23. Influence of Multiple Expansion
24. Heating the Receivers
25. The Condenser

SECTION III - STROKE OF PISTON, NUMBER OF REVOLUTIONS, TURNING MOMENT, BALANCING OF THE MOVING PARTS.
26. Stroke, Number of Revolutions, and* Piston Speed
27. Tables 9 to 16, Particulars of Vessels
28. The Crank
29. Moving Parts of the Steam Engine
30. Tangential Pressure on the Crank Pin, and Turning Moment of the Multiple-crank Engine
31. Variation in Crank-pin Velocity
32. Example
33. Explanation of Figures
34. Variations in Torsional Strains of the Shafting

Balance of the Moving Parts
35. General Remarks
36. Balancing the Moving Parts of a Single-crank Engine
37. Balancing the Moving Parts of a Two-crank Engine
38. Balancing the Moving Parts of a Three- crank Engine
39. Balancing the Moving Parts of a Four-crank Engine : Schlick System
40. To Determine the Balance of the Moving Parts
41. Study of the Valve Gear
42. Remarks
43. Most favourable Arrangement in an Engine to secure Perfect Balance of the Moving Parts
44. First Example: Calculation of the Balance of the Moving Parts in an Existing Engine
45. Second Example : Calculation of the Balance of the Moving Parts in the Engine of a Fast Mail Steamer
46. Effect of the Length of the Connecting Rod on the Balance of the Moving Parts
47. Critical Number of Revolutions, and Effect of the Position of the Engine on the Vibrations of the Hull

SECTION IV - ARRANGEMENT OF MAIN ENGINES.
48. Arrangement of the Cylinders and Cranks
49. Longitudinal Bracing of the Cylinders
50. General Remarks on the Arrangement of the Main Engines
51. Starting the Engine

SECTION V - DETAILS OF MAIN ENGINES - THE CYLINDER.
52. General Remarks
53. Velocity of Steam
54. Thickness (S) of the Cylinder Liner
55. Thickness (Sj) of the Cylinder Jacket or Outer Shell
56. Thickness (S^) of the Walls of Cylinders without Liners
57. Method of Fixing the Cylinder Liner
58. Cylinder Cover Studs
59. Cylinder Flanges
60. Cylinder Bottom
61. Cylinder Feet
62. Cylinder Passages and Valve Casings
63. Calculation of Flat Surfaces in Valve-chests, Passages, and Covers
64. Piston-valve Liner and Ports
65. Water Tests for Cylinders
66. Rules for Construction
67. Cylinder Fittings
68. Description of Figures 135 to 143
69. Cylinder Covers
70. Stuffing-boxes
71. Metallic Packings

Valves.
72. General Remarks
73. Thickness of Piston Valve Liners
74. Ports of Valve Face
75. Symbols used in connection with Slide Valves
76. Stroke of Valve
77. Amount of Eccentricity
78. Principal Dimensions
79. Cut-off
80. Linear Lead
81. Exhaust Lead
82. Compression
83. Valve Diagrams
84. Miiller-Reuleaux Diagrams for ordinary D Slide Valves
86. Zeuner*s Valve Diagram
86. Variations in the Cut-off
87. Stephenson’s Link Motion

Various Types of Valve Gear
88. Klug Valve Gear
89. Marshall’s Valve Gear
90. Joy’s Valve Gear
91. Heusinger Valve Gear

Piston Rods
92.Maximum Load

Pistons
93. General Remarks
94. Cast-steel Pistons
95. Cast-iron Pistons
96. Piston Packing
96. Clearance between the Piston and the Top and Bottom Covers of the Cylinder
97. Thickness of Junk Rings
98. Remarks
99. Piston Rods

Connecting Rod and Crosshead
100. Length of the Connecting Rod
101. Connecting-rod
102. Connecting-rod Fork
103. Crank-pin Brasses
104. Connecting-rod Bolts
105. Crosshead and Guide
106. Crossheads Forged in one with the Rod
107. Pressure on the Guides
108. Guides

Crank Shafts.
109. Crank Shafts
110. Lloyd’s Rules for Determining the Sizes of Crank Shafts of Screw Steamers
110a. Board of Trade Rules for Shafts
111. Crank Pin
112. Built-up Crank Shafts
113. Crank Shafts with Crank Pin and Web forged in one piece
114. General Remarks on Crank Shafts
115. Crank Shaft Couplings
116. Materials for Crank Shafts

Valve Gear Rods.
117. Power required to drive the Valves
118. Valve Rods
119. Diameter of Rods
120. Valve Levers and Quadrants
121. Stephenson’s Link Motion
122. Eccentric Rods
123. Eccentrics and Eccentric Straps
124. Eccentric Straps
125. Concluding Remarks

Bed-plates.
126. The Bed-plate
127. Holding-down Bolts
128. Longitudinal Bearers
129. Main Bearings
130. Main Bearing Caps
131. Main Bearing Bolts

132. Dimensions of Main Bearings
133. Thickness of Caps

Engine Columns.
134. Arrangement of the Columns
135. 1. Engines for Small Merchant Vessels
135A. 2. Heavy-built Engines for Large Merchant Vessels
136. 3. Engines for Modem Fast Steamers and Large Warships 247
137. 4. Engines for Warships in General
138. 5. Very Light Engines
139. Stresses in the Columns and Framing
140. Fixing the Columns

Reversing and Turning Gear
141. Reversing Shaft and Lever
142. Method of Handling the Reversing Gear
143. Direct-acting Reversing Engines
144. All-round Reversing Gear
145. Principal Dimensions of Reversing Engines
146. Turning Gear
147. Calculation of the Dimensions of the Wheels Condensers.

Surface condensers.
148. General Remarks
149. Cooling Surface
150. Tubes and Tube Plates
151. Condenser Shell
152. Fittings and Connections

2. JET CONDENSERS
153. Jet Condensers

PART I - PUMPS.
Air Pumps.
154. General Remarks
156. Principal Dimensions
156. Air-pump Valves
157. Suction and Delivery Pipes
158. Pump Body
159. Pump Bucket
160. Pump Rod
161. Separately Driven Air Pumps

Circulating Pumps.
162. General Remarks .

Reciprocating Circulating Pumps.
163. General Remarks
164. Pump Valves
165. Suction and Delivery Pipes
166. Pump Body
167. Plunger and Pump Rod

Centrifugal Circulating Pumps.
168. General Remarks
169. Suction and Delivery Pipes
170. Pump Vanes
171- Centrifugal Pump Spindle
172. Pump Casing
173. Engines for Driving Centrifugal Pumps
174. Particulars of Surface Condensers

Feed Pumps.
175. Classification
176. Amount of Feed Water required

1. pumps driven direct from the main engine.
177. General Arrangement
178. Size of Feed Pumps
179. Barrels and Valve Boxes
180. Pump Valves
181. Velocity of the Water

2. INDEPENDENT FEED PUMPS.
182. Steam Pumps
183. Duplex Pumps
184. Simplex Pumps
185. Weir Pumps
186. Blake Pumps

Auxiliary Pumps.
187. Bilge Pumps Driven by the Main Engine
188. Sanitary Pumps
189. Method of arranging the Pumps
190. Separate Steam-driven Pumps

Pump Rods.
191. General Remarks
192. Different Pump Arrangements taken from actual practice
193. Lloyd’s Rules for Pumps and Pumping Arrangements

PART III - SHAFTING, RESISTANCE OF SHIPS, PROPELLERS.
SECTION I - SHAFTING.
Thrust Shaft and Thrust Block.
194. Axial Thrust
195. Thrust Shaft
196. Thrust Block
197. Thrust Blocks in Small Ships

Tunnel Shafts and Plummer Blocks
198, Intermediate or Tunnel Shafts
199. Plummer Blocks or Bearings
200. Bulkhead Stuffing Boxes
201. Shaft Brake

Shaft Couplings.
202. Detachable Shaft Couplings
203. Muff Couplings
204. Disconnecting Couplings
205. Tail or Propeller Shaft

Stern Tube.
206. General Remarks
207. Construction of Stem Tubes for Cargo Boats
208. Method of Construction for Light Warships
209. General Remarks on Shafts

SECTION II - RESISTANCE OF SHIPS.
210. Froude’s Method
211. Calculation of the Resistance of Ships, and Power required for the Engines in crew Steamers
212. Approximate Method for Determining the Horse-power of an Engine

SECTION III - THE SCREW PROPELLER.
213. Introduction
214. General Remarks
215. Number of Blades
216. Different Forms of Blade
217. Speed of the Screw, Stream-line Wake, and Slip
218. Propeller Efficiency
219. Other Formula?
220. Remarks
221. Taylor’s Method for Calculating a Ship’s Screw
222. Taylor’s Theoretical Formulie
223. Example of Taylor’s Method of Calculating the Dimensions and Shape of the Screw

Strength of Propeller Blades.
224. Stress in the Propeller Blade due to Thrust and Tangential Forces
225. Working Calculations .
226. Stresses in the Blades due to Centrifugal Force
227. Example I. - Effect of Centrifugal Force
228. Example II - Effect of Centrifugal Force
229. Thickness of Tip of Blade
230. Material used for Blades

Construction of the Screw.
231. Moulding and Casting the Screw
232. Explanation of the Drawings of Screws
233. Propeller Boss
2.34. Machining the Surface of the Blades

PART IV - PIPES AND CONNECTIONS.
SECTION I - FLANGES, VALVES, ETC.
236. General Remarks
236. Pipe Connections
237. Flanges .
238. Jointing
239. Bulkhead Fittings
240. Extract from Regulations of German Lloyd^s respecting Valves, Cocks, Pipe Connections, and Pumps
241. Valves
242. Sluice Valves
243. Plug Cocks

SECTION II - UNDER-WATER FITTINGS.
244. Under- water Fittings
245. Discharge Valves

SECTION III - MAIN STEAM, AUXILIARY STEAM, AND EXHAUST PIPING.
Main Steam Piping.
246. Main Steam Piping
247. Draining of Steam Pipes
248. Diameter of the Steam Piping
249. Expansion due to Heat
250. Arrangement of the Main Steam Pipes
251. Thickness of Steam Pipes
252. Lagging

2. Auxiliary Steam Piping.
253. Auxiliary Steam Piping
3. Exhaust Steam Piping.
254. Main Exhaust
255. Auxiliary Engine Exhausts
255a. Diameter of the Exhaust Pipes
255b. Thickness of Exhaust Pipes

CONTENTS. XXI
SECTION IV - FEED-WATER PIPES
256. Boiler Feed Pipes
257. General Arrangement
258. Feed-water Filter
259. Float Tank
260. Diameter of Suction and Deliver>’ Pipes
261. Thicknesses of Copper Delivery Pipes
262. Feed Pipe Bends
263. Feed-water Heaters

SECTION v - BILGE PIPES, BALLAST . PIPES, CIRCULATING PIPES.
264. Bilge Pipes
265. Ballast Pipes
266. Diameter and Thickness of Ballast Pipes
267. Circulating Water Pipes

PART V - STEAM BOILERS.
SECTION I - FIRING AND THE GENERATION OF STEAM.
268. “General Remarks
269. Process of Combustion
270. Incomplete Combustion
271. Losses by Excess of Air
272. Grate Area
273, Natural Draught
274. Artificial Draught
275. Centriftigal Fans
276. Dimensions of the Fans
277. Example I.
278. Example II.
279. Form of the Vanes
280. Number of Blades
281. High Temperature in the Combustion Chamber
282. Mixing of the Gases of Combustion
283. Useful Heat of Combustion
284. Generation of Steam
285. Efficient Transmission of Heat from the Gases of Combustion to the Water
286. Heat transmitted to the Contents of the Boiler
287. Formation of Steam in the Water
288. Efficiency of Steam Production
289. Transference of Steam from Boiler to Engine
290. Percentage of Water in Steam

SECTION II - CYLINDRICAL BOILERS.
291. General Remarks
292. Selection of Heating Surface and Grate Area
293. Furnaces and Grates
294. Boiler Tubes
295. Manholes
296. Thickness of Material Used
297. German Lloyd’s Rules
298. Hamburg Standard, 1898
299. Extract from Rules of the ” Bureau Veritas ”
300. Extract from Lloyd’s ” Regulations for British and Foreign Shipping

SECTION 111 - LOCOMOTIVE BOILERS.
301. Dimensions of Locomotive Boilers

SECTION IV - WATER-TUBE BOILERS.
302. General Remarks
303. Belleville Boiler
304. Durr Boiler
304a. Dimensions of a Diirr Boiler
305. Yarrow Boiler
306. Normand Boiler
307. Small Water-Tube Boilers
308. ” Daring ” Type Thomycroft Boiler
309. ” Speedy ” Type Thornycroft Boiler
310. Thornycroft Boiler
311. Recent Thornycroft Boilers

CONTENTS. XXIII
SECTION v - SMOKE BOX, FUNNEL, AND BOILER LAGGING.
312. Smoke Box
313. Funnel
314. Fixing of Funnel
315. Funnel Dampers
316. Uptake and Funnel for a War Vessel .
317. Boiler Lagging

SECTION VI - FORCED DRAUGHT.
318. General Remarks
319. Induced Draught
320. Howdcn’s System of Forced Draught
321. Closed Stokehold System

SECTION VII - BOILER FITTINGS AND MOUNTINGS.
322. Boiler Safety Valves
323. Load on Valves
324. Safety Valve Casings
325. Steam Stop Valve
326. Feed Check Valves
327. Water Gauges
328. Pet-Cocks or Valves
329. Density Cocks or Valves
330. Blow-off Cocks or Valves
331. Scum Cock
332. Boiler-emptying Plug
333. Apparatus for improving the Circulation of Water in the Boiler
334. Summary of Remarks
335. Regulations affecting Marine Boiler Fittings

PART VI - MEASURING INSTRUMENTS.
336. Pressure Gauges
337. Thermometers
338. Analysis of the Flue Gases
339. Draught Gauge
340. Determination of the Heating Value of the Coal
341. Determination of the Amount of Moisture in the Steam : Dryness Fraction
342. Indicators and their Use
343. Study of the Indicator and its Accessories : Preparations for Indicating
344. The Driving Gear
345. Putting on the Paper
346. Planimeter
347. Schlick’s Pallograph
348. Instrument for Measuring the Uniformity in the Turning Moment of an Engine
349. Fottinger’s Torsion Indicator

PART VII - VARIOUS DETAILS.
350. Bolts, Nuts, and Screw Threads,
351. Screw Spanners
352. Platforms 613
353. Edging Plates
354. Gratings
355. Ladders
356. Balusters and Handrails
357. Lifting-gear over the Engines
358. Lifting-gear for Engines of Warships
369. Engine Foundations
360. Construction of the Engine Foundation
361. Boiler Seatings
362. Lubrication of the Steam Spaces
363. Lubrication of other Parts
364. Ash Hoists
365. Ash Ejectors
366. Ventilation of the Engine and Boiler Kooms
366a. Area of Engine-room Ventilators
367. Ventilation of the Engine and Boiler Rooms
368. German Lloyd’s Rules for Spare Gear for Engines and Boilers
369. Lloyd’s Rules for Spare Gear

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