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Mechanical & Industrial Engineering

Basics of Fluid Mechanics.pdf

November 16, 2009 · Filed Under Mechanical & Industrial Engineering · Comment  · Tags: ,

Taken from: What is Fluid Mechanics?: The fluid mechanics study involve many fields that have no clear boundary between them. Researchers distinguish between orderly flow and chaotic flow as the laminar flow and the turbulent flow. The fluid mechanics can also be distinguish between a single phase flow and multiphase flow (flow made more than one phase or single distinguishable material). The last boundary (as all the boundaries in fluid mechanics) isn’t sharp because fluid can go through a phase change (condensation or evaporation) in the middle or during the flow and switch from a single phase flow to a multi phase flow. Moreover, flow with two phases (or materials) can be treated as a single phase (for example, air with dust particle).

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Fundamentals of Compressible Flow Mechanics.pdf

November 9, 2009 · Filed Under Mechanical & Industrial Engineering · Comment  · Tags: , ,

Taken from Preface: This book, Fundamentals of Compressible Flow, describes the fundamentals of compressible flow phenomena for engineers and others. This book is designed to replace the book(s) or instructor’s notes for the compressible flow in (mostly) undergraduate classes for engineering/science students. It is hoped that the book could be used as a reference book for people who have at least some knowledge of the basics of fundamental fluid mechanics, and basic science such as calculus, physics, etc. It is hoped that the computer program enclosed in the book will take on a life of its own and develop into an open content or source project.
The structure of this book is such that many of the chapters could be usable independently. For example, if you need information about, say, Fanno flow, you can read just chapter 9. I hope this makes the book easier to use as a reference manual. However, this manuscript is first and foremost a textbook, and secondly a reference manual only as a lucky coincidence.

Automating Manufacturing Systems with PLCs.pdf

November 9, 2009 · Filed Under Mechanical & Industrial Engineering · Comment  · Tags: , , ,

Taken from PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS’s Introduction: Control engineering has evolved over time. In the past humans were the main method for controlling a system. More recently electricity has been used for control and early electrical control was based on relays. These relays allow power to be switched on and off without a mechanical switch. It is common to use relays to make simple logical control decisions. The development of low cost computer has brought the most recent revolution, the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The advent of the PLC began in the 1970s, and has become the most common choice for manufacturing controls.
PLCs have been gaining popularity on the factory floor and will probably remain predominant for some time to come. Most of this is because of the advantages they offer: Cost effective for controlling complex systems.
Flexible and can be reapplied to control other systems quickly and easily.
Computational abilities allow more sophisticated control.
Trouble shooting aids make programming easier and reduce downtime.
Reliable components make these likely to operate for years before failure.

Fundamentals of Die Casting Design.pdf

November 7, 2009 · Filed Under Mechanical & Industrial Engineering · Comment  · Tags: , , , ,

Taken from Abstract: Die-casting engineers have to compete not only with other die-casting companies, but also against other industries such as plastics, and composite materials. Clearly, the ”black art” approach, which has been an inseparable part of the engineer’s tools, is in need of being replaced by a scientific approach. Excuses that “science has not and never will work” need to be replaced with “science does work”. All technologies developed in recent years are described in a clear, simple manner in this book. All the errors of the old models and the violations of physical laws are shown. For example, the “common” pQ2 diagram violates many physical laws, such as the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Furthermore, the “common” pQ2 diagram produces trends that are the opposite of reality, which are described in this book.
The die casting engineer’s job is to produce maximum profits for the company.
In order to achieve this aim, the engineer must design high quality products at a minimum cost. Thus, understanding the economics of the die casting design and process are essential. These are described in mathematical form for the first time in this volume. Many new concepts and ideas are also introduced. For instance, how to minimize the scrap/cost due to the runner system, and what size of die casting machine is appropriate for a specific project.
The die-casting industry is undergoing a revolution, and this book is part of it. One reason (if one reason can describe the situation) companies such as Doehler Jorvis (the biggest die caster in the world) and Shelby are going bankrupt is that they do not know how to calculate and reduce their production costs. It is my hope that die-casters will turn such situations around by using the technologies presented in this book. I believe this is the only way to keep the die casting professionals and the industry itself, from being “left in the dust.”

The Welding Handbook for Maritime Welders.pdf

October 23, 2009 · Filed Under Mechanical & Industrial Engineering · 1 Comment  · Tags: , , , ,

Taken from Solutions: Problem Steel: Among the low alloy steels, there is also a large group of special steels with complicated chemical composition. These include spring steel, vanadium steel, high speed steel, tool steel, etc. All these steel types are difficult to weld. In many cases the steel has been hardened by annealing, and welding can destroy the hardening.
In principle, all these steels can be welded with matching ferritic consumables with the aid of preheating and postweld heat treatment to avoid hydrogen cracking in the heat affected zone (HAZ).
In the case of repair welding, it is, however, often not possible to preheat or to perform any postweld heat treatment.
So, in this case, welding with austenitic stainless or nickel-based consumables is considered to be one of the best methods. The risk of cracking is reduced by the higher solubility of hydrogen and the greater ductility of the weld metal.
There are so many types of low alloy steel on the market today that even specialists have difficulty in keeping track of the entire range. Numerous types of special alloys not classified under existing standards, are marketed by the steel works. Most types can be welded satisfactorily with Unitor Tensile having a tensile strength of 850 N/mm2. This electrode may be used both for joining and for building-up work

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