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Air Pollution Control Systems for Boilers and Incineration.pdf
The combustion of a fuel for the generation of steam or hot water results in the emission of various gases and particulate matter. The respective amounts and chemical composition of these emissions formed are dependent upon variables occurring within the combustion process. The interrelationships of these variables do not permit direct interpretation by current analytical methods. Therefore, most emission estimates are based upon factors compiled through extensive field testing and are related to the fuel type, the boiler type and size, and the method of tiring. Although the use of emission factors based on the above parameters can yield an accurate first approximation of on-site boiler emissions, these factors do not reflect individual boiler operating practices or equipment conditions, both of which have a major influence on emission rates. A properly operated and maintained boiler requires less fuel to generate steam efficiently thereby reducing the amount of ash, nitrogen and sulfur entering the boiler and the amount of ash, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NO,) and sulfur oxides (SOx) exiting in the flue gas stream. Emissions from conventional boilers are discussed in this chapter. Chapter 13 deals with emissions from fluidized bed boilers.
Fundamentals of Air Pollution Engineering.pdf
Taken from Preface: Analysis and abatement of air pollution involve a variety of technical disciplines. Formation of the most prevalent pollutants occurs during the combustion process, a tightly coupled system involving fluid flow, mass and energy transport, and chemical kinetics. Its complexity is exemplified by the fact that, in many respects, the simplest hydrocarbon combustion, the methane-oxygen flame, has been quantitatively modeled only within the last several years. Nonetheless, the development of combustion modifications aimed at minimizing the formation of the unwanted by-products of burning fuels requires an understanding of the combustion process. Fuel may be available in solid, liquid, or gaseous form; it may be mixed with the air ahead of time or only within the combustion chamber; the chamber itself may vary from the piston and cylinder arrangement in an automobile engine to a lO-story-high boiler in the largest power plant; the unwanted byproducts may remain as gases, or they may, upon cooling, form small particles.
Water and Wastewater Treatment Engineering.pdf
Theory and design of systems for treating industrial and municipal wastewater and potable water supplies. Methods for characterizing wastewater properties. Physical, chemical, and biological processes, including primary treatment, and suspended growth and fixed-film methods for secondary treatment. Nutrient removal. Reactor design and process kinetics. State-of-the-art processes. Sludge processing and disposal.