Engineering Ebooks » Engineering Geology »
Engineering and Design Tunnels and Shafts in Rock (EM 1110-2-2901).pdf
This manual presents analysis, design, and construction guidance for tunnels and shafts in rock. A team comprised of highly skilled engineers from many disciplines is required to achieve an economical tunnel or shaft design that can be safely constructed while meeting environmental requirements. The manual emphasizes design, construction and an understanding of the methods, and conditions of construction essential to the preparation of good designs
Soil Mechanics.pdf
Taken from Introduction: Soil mechanics is the science of equilibrium and motion of soil bodies. Here soil is understood to be the weathered material in the upper layers of the earth’s crust. The non-weathered material in this crust is denoted as rock, and its mechanics is the discipline of rock mechanics. In general the difference between soil and rock is roughly that in soils it is possible to dig a trench with simple tools such as a spade or even by hand. In rock this is impossible, it must first be splintered with heavy equipment such as a chisel, a hammer or a mechanical drilling device. The natural weathering process of rock is that under the long-term influence of sun, rain and wind, it degenerates into stones. This process is stimulated by fracturing of rock bodies by freezing and thawing of the water in small crevices in the rock. The coarse stones that are created in mountainous areas are transported downstream by gravity, often together with water in rivers. By internal friction the stones are gradually reduced in size, so that the material becomes gradually finer: gravel, sand and eventually silt. In flowing rivers the material may be deposited, the coarsest material at high velocities, but the finer material only at very small velocities. This means that gravel will be found in the upper reaches of a river bed, and finer material such as sand and silt in the lower reaches.
The Netherlands is located in the lower reaches of the rivers Rhine and Meuse. In general the soil consists of weathered material, mainly sand and clay. This material has been deposited in earlier times in the delta formed by the rivers. Much fine material has also been deposited by flooding of the land by the sea and the rivers. This process of sedimentation occurs in many areas in the world, such as the deltas of the Nile and the rivers in India and China. In the Netherlands it has come to an end by preventing the rivers and the sea from flooding by building dikes. The process of land forming has thus been stopped, but subsidence continues, by slow tectonic movements. In order to compensate for the subsidence of the land, and sea water level rise, the dikes must gradually be raised, so that they become heavier and cause more subsidence. This process must continue forever if the country is to be maintained.
People use the land to live on, and build all sort of structures: houses, roads, bridges, etcetera. It is the task of the geotechnical engineer to predict the behavior of the soil as a result of these human activities. The problems that arise are, for instance, the settlement of a road or a railway under the influence of its own weight and the traffic load, the margin of safety of an earth retaining structure (a dike, a quay wall or a sheet pile wall), the earth pressure acting upon a tunnel or a sluice, or the allowable loads and the settlements of the foundation of a building. For all these problems soil mechanics should provide the basic knowledge.
Ponds – Planning, Design, Construction.pdf
The demand for water has increased tremendously in recent years, and ponds are one of the most reliable and economical sources of water. Ponds ae now serving a variety of purposes, fish production, field and orchad spraying, fie protection, energy conservation, wildlife habitat, recreation, erosion control, and landscape improvement.
Introduction to Geology.pdf
This pdf materials presents basic studi in geology. Table of contents:
* Overview.pdf
* History of science.pdf
* Time, temperature, and composition ranges.pdf
* Non-silicate minerals.pdf
* Silicate minerals.pdf
* Igneous rocks.pdf
* Sedimentary rocks.pdf
* Metamorphic rocks.pdf
* Relative and absolute ages.pdf
* Early life.pdf
* Rock deformation.pdf
* Field techniques.pdf
* Planetary formation.pdf
* Plate tectonics.pdf
* Earthquakes.pdf
* Volcanoes.pdf
* Formation of continents.pdf
* Weathering and rivers.pdf
* Glaciers.pdf
* Deserts.pdf
* Coastlines and oceans.pdf
* Comparative planetology.pdf